Throughout modern history, the Islamic Republic of Iran has consistently demonstrated a foreign policy approach grounded in one clear principle:
Its recent accession to BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), as well as its earlier integration into the Shanghai
The European Union, by contrast, has long prided itself on normative power: wielding influence through commitment to international law, human
In its place emerges a more fragmented, contested world marked by the rise of peer competitors, the resurgence of middle
The collapse of the Soviet Union fostered the notion of a “unipolar moment,” with the United States emerging as the
The region faces a complex web of geopolitical instability, persistent insecurity, and worsening humanitarian emergencies. Decades of unresolved conflict—exacerbated by
